Hydroelectric energy | Hydroelectric power station
Hydroelectric power station
Introductions
There show how to work and what kind of parts used of produce hydro electricity. This is the conversation of the energy, we use the natural water flow energy to convert it to kinetic energy and the kinetic energy convert to electrical energy .this type of system we use to produce electricity from the nature without any pollution and violations etc.this type of energy conversation called renewable energy because we can used this energy in our life its endless.
Hydroelectric energy
Some kind of systems and parts used to builds a big type of hydro electric power plant.
- Catchment area
- Water reservoir
- Dam
- Valve house
- Pen stock
- Hydraulic turbine
- Surge tank
- Alternator
- Pressure channel
- Exciter
- Tail race
- Draft tube
- Spill way
Hydroelectric power plant:
(i) Catchment area:
The catchment area is basically called water source collect area like hills, river and raining area etc. it means which type of area collect water all time to supply hydroelectric power plant.
The hilly areas snows melt to effect of sunlight and convert to water and this water flow to down side of the hill this type of area we called catchment area.
(ii) Water reservoir:
The water reservoir basically stores the huge amount of water in the top of the hilly area. This water collected to the catchment area
(iii) Dam:
Dam is the one type of guard/gate of the reservoir. The water is relisted by this dam.
(iv) Valve house:
This valve house connected to dam the water flow though this valve house and the pressure create through this valve house. This valve house made of heavy metal and non corrosion able metal use to make of this valve because this valve placed in the bottom of the dam under the water.
(v) Penstock:
Penstock is made of very hard steel. This is a one type of pipe. This penstock is connected to valve house and other side is connected to turbine side.
The pressure created by the valve house this type of high pressure water passes through the penstock pipe to turbine. This penstock placed in the bottom of the dam.
(vi) Hydraulic turbine:
The turbine made of hard steel it not breakable. There is one shaft and many blades connected to the shaft. The bowl type of blades is used to hydro turbine to create a high torque rotating power.
this type of blades is called fines of turbine .the high pressure water is fall to this bowl type fines and create rotating motion and high torque.
(vii) Surge tank:
The serge tank is the one type of water storage tank.
This tank is a additional tank for backup propose when any kind of fault in the main water delivery pipe then the water is supply diverted to this tank.
(viii) Alternator:
Alternator is the main part of the produce electricity.
The alternator is connected to turbine shaft through gear box. The gear box controls the speed or RPM of the alternator.
(ix) Pressure channel:
Pressure channel is placed in the starting of penstock. This pressure channel used to control the pressure of water in the penstock .this is a one type of water pressure controller.
(x) Exciter:
The exciter is the one type of dc compound generator. This generator is connected to turbine shaft. And produce dc current. This dc current used to excite to main alternator field to produce magnetic energy.
(xi) Tail race:
The tail race is the channel to leave the used water in the turbine blades.
And this used water put down away from the hydro electric power plant through the tail race channel. It is a one type of pipe. to collect the used water and put down of the river.
(xii) Draft tube:
The draft tube is used to the above of the tail race pipe.
It reduce the high pressure come from the turbine to atmospheric pressure. And it dropped it river.
(xii) Spill way:
The spill way is a structure of the dam to use to control release of flow from dam or levee in to a downstream area. Typically the river bed of the dammed river itself.
Finally this is the total system of hydro electricity. It is very easy to understand but it is very expensive to making.
Advantages or disadvantages of hydroelectric
power:-
Advantages:
1. It’s economical in large size.
2. It’s quit neat and cleaned.
3. Running cast is less since on fuel requirement.
4. It’s simple in constrictions, and required low maintenance.
5. It can start in no time.
6. It is higher efficiency and long life.
7. It helps in irritations and controlling load without any difficult.
8. It can meet wide fluctuating loads without any difficult.
Disadvantages:
1. High capital cast.
2. High cast of transmission lines.
3. Skilled and experienced hands are requires to build the plant.
4. Power supply may be affected during dry season.
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